During the Wielbark culture, and the later cultural fusion of the Wielbark-Chernakhov Culture era, a West Baltic "kanãpis" agricultural crop term was probably borrowed as *"hanapis" into some 1st-2nd century Gothic type dialects of southern Scandinavia, then evolved later through trade into a Germanic *"hanapiz", & eventually morphing into the English word "hemp".

ᚨᚹᛁᚾᛊ ᚨᛊᚨᚾᛊ

Evidence in support of this new rational etymology can be gleaned from "New evidence on the introduction, cultivation and processing of hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) in southern Sweden" ( Larsson & Lageras 2014 ), providing facts for the earliest evidence for hemp cultivation in Scandinavia, specifically in the Malmo region of southern Sweden, beginning during the 1st-2nd centuries AD. This occurs centuries after extensive Wielbark contacts and later cultural mingling with West Baltic tribes known as the Old Prussians, Pomeranians, Galindians, and Sudovians * - all of which are known to have very ancient traditions ( inherited from various pre-Corded Ware native Baltic Hunter & Gatherer cultures ) of cultivating Hemp prior to Wielbark culture contact. A reciprocal farming exchange with West Balts may have been Rye as a cultivated crop.

That the Wielbark culture influenced the West Baltic cultures is easily apparent from the archaeological record & relics, so it is both logical and practical to ascribe the introduction of hemp, and a West Baltic word for hemp, "kanãpis" ( vs. the old collective variant "kanapė" ), as an agricultural crop loanword term accompanying the introduction of cannabis cultivation into 1st-2nd century southern Scandinavia, and beyond, probably integrated as a spoken *𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍀𐌹𐍃 crop trade item. Pollen studies reflect later dates of *𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍀𐌹𐍃 ( vs. an expected 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃 ) crop trade westward into Late Iron Age Denmark, and later into England. By considering known cultural trade contacts, and following the sequence of related pollen signatures, a rational etymology for hemp reveals itself as tenable.

"The usual assumption that the word was borrowed from the South European Greek κάνναβις (Latin cannabis) is untenable". - An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, H (1891) by Friedrich Kluge, translated by John Francis Davis - "Hanf"

* Ptolemy's mention of the Γαλίνδαι & Σουδινοί in the 2nd century is reflected in Yfull R-Z284 samples, Mazovian id: YF03538 w/ R-YP4638, & Sudovian id: YF86015 w/ R-BY164240. Latin: BALTI

Cannabis pollen, unlike barley, was not noted near the Lina Mire area of prehistoric Gotland (Strandberg 2017), but does show up in Late Iron Age (AD 400-AD 1050) Denmark (Rasmussen 2005). Sweden's earliest Cannabis traces of 1-200 CE as noted by (Larsson & Lagerås 2014) were noted in other studies (Schroeder 2019). (McPartland & Hegman 2017) reports reliable remnants from the Yamnaya culture in Ukraine from 3500-2300 BCE. Assuming the multiregional domestication approach supported by (McPartland et al 2018), (Long et al 2016) and (Zhang et al 2018) is true, Cannabis was in fact indigenous to Europe and was domesticated there as well as in Asia. Such archaic dates obviously imply some native Hunter & Gatherers of Europe did use Cannabis. That later Yamnaya Corded Ware pioneers did is now accepted as nothing novel. 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌰 ? 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍃 !