Updated & Restored
Sūdovian / Yotvingian Declension
Grammatical Appendix
Updated & Restored
Sūdovian / Yotvingian Declension
Sūdovian has three genders; Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter.
"man, husband" -Masc. gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | vīras | vīrai |
| Genitive | vīras' + | vīrun |
| Dative | vīru | vīrams |
| Accusative | vīran | vīrans |
| Locative | vīrai * | vīraisu ** |
| Vocative | vīre! | vīrai! |
+ The Genitive singular written end
apostrophe indicates
amplitude ,or
emphasis, of last syllable.
The Genitive singular
thereby does not shorten like the Nominative does in rapid speech.
( this Genitive,
if not a I.E. relic, reflects centuries of
very close Wielbark Goth-Sudovian cultural
interaction - or both. )
The Genitive singular "-as", & Genitive plural "-un" are as reflected in
attested durable West Baltic toponyms,
such as "Wilkaskaymen" & "Tlokunpelk", as well as related
West Baltic vocabularies - EV 484, or GrG 98.
* The Locative sometimes
uses a preposition , as in the phrase "en
stasmai vīrai".
Its' duplicate Dative form will be marked with an ( * )
below to save space.
Dative "vīru"
<
vīrō.
* * The
archaic Locative plural ancestral forms with -su are rarely used.
Same declension for vundas (water) and
mēnas (month).
"woman, wife" -Fem. gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | gena | genos |
| Genitive | genos | genun |
| Dative | genai * | genoms |
| Accusative | genan | genans |
| Vocative | gena! | genos! |
Same declension for lauksna (star), - plural lauksnos
(stars).
"lake" -Neuter gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | azeran | azero, azerai + |
| Genitive | azeras' + | azerun |
| Dative | azeru | azerams |
| Accusative | azeran | azera |
| Locative | azerai | azeraisu ** |
+ The Genitive written end
apostrophe indicates
amplitude ,or
emphasis stress of last syllable.
Thus, the Genitive does not shorten in rapid speech.
Note - Either Nom. Plural, both the older or recent (+)
ancestral loaned form, are acceptable.
Same declension for butan (house), and kelan (wheel)
"brother" -Masc. gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | brote | broteres |
| Genitive | brotres | brotun |
| Dative | brotrei * | brotrems |
| Accusative | broten | brotens |
| Vocative | broter! | broters! |
Same declension for daive (husband's
brother).
"earth"-Fem. gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | zeme | zemes |
| Genitive | zemes | zemiun |
| Dative | zemei * | zemems |
| Accusative | zemien | zemens |
| Vocative | zeme! | zemes! |
Same declension for kurpe (shoe
), and kame (sheep ).
"guest"-Masc. gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | gastis | gastes |
| Genitive | gastes | gastiun |
| Dative | gastei * | gastims |
| Accusative | gastin | gastins |
| Vocative | gasti! | gastes! |
Same declension for pentis (heel
).
"livestock" -Neuter gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | peku | pekus |
| Genitive | pekus | pekun |
| Dative | peku * | pekums |
| Accusative | peku | pekus |
| Vocative | peku | pekus |
Same declension for alu (mead)
and panu (fire).
"son" -Masc.gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | sūnus | sūnaus |
| Genitive | sūnaus | sūnun |
| Dative | sūnau * | sūnums |
| Accusative | sūnun | sūnuns |
| Vocative | sūnau! | sūnaus! |
Same declension for dangus (sky,
heaven)
"all" -Neuter gender adjective
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | visa | visai |
| Genitive | visesa | visun |
| Dative | visasma | visams |
| Accusative | visan | visans |
"deep" -Masc. gender adjective
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | gilus | gilūs |
| Genitive | gilaus | gilun |
| Dative | gilusma | gilums |
| Accusative | gilun | giluns |
"deep" -Fem. gender adjective
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | gilī | giles |
| Genitive | giles | giliun |
| Dative | gilei | gilims |
| Accusative | gilin | gilins |
Pronouns
"this, the"
|
Singular |
| Masc. | Neut. | Fem. | |
| Nominative | stas | sta(n) | sta |
| Genitive | stasa | stesa* | stasos |
| Dative | stasma | stasma | stasai |
| Accusative | stan | sta(n) | stan |
The Neuter singular has two ancestral variants (
w/ or w/o [-n] ).
Note the Neuter Genitive *-esa
alternate to Masc. -asa
"I", "we" - genderless
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | as | mes |
| Genitive | mene * | nūsun |
| Dative | menei (mi) | nūms |
| Accusative | men (mi) | mans |
* Also possessive Genitive " majasa ", & relic Instrumental " majim " - with me.
"thou, you" - genderless
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | tū | jūs |
| Genitive | tebe * | jūsun |
| Dative | tebei (ti) | jūms |
| Accusative | ten (ti) | vans |
* Also possessive Genitive " tvajasa ", & relic Instrumental " tvajim " - with thee. .
"he", "they" - Masc. gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | tanas | tanai |
| Genitive | tanasa | tanaisun |
| Dative | tanasma | tanams |
| Accusative | tanan | tanans |
"she", "they" -Fem. gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | tana | tanos |
| Genitive | tanasos | tanaisun |
| Dative | tanai | tanoms |
| Accusative | tanan | tanans |
"our' " - Masc. possessive pronoun
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | nūsas | nūsai |
| Genitive | nūsasa | nūsaisun |
| Dative | nūsasma | nūsams |
| Accusative | nūsan | nūsans |
* The foreign rendering of spoken pronounciation is noted
with
" kayles ",
vs. "kailas ", where unaccented "a" is rendered as "e".
* The old Baltic Dual Pronouns
were, like in Latvian, no longer productive,
although
" ve- ",
and " jū- ", were once used.
Sūdovians and Wielbark Goths had
centuries of close cultural &
personal interaction.
Not only does the archaeology reflect this (
like the Tiberius Roman coin from Pajevonys
),
but so does the West Baltic vocabulary &
declension - not to mention the ancient
Wielbark culture.Mtdna
H5a1 ( not uncommon among Balts ).
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Trakai Castle - birthplace of
Vytautas the Great
Virdainas -
U.S.A. Copyright 1994 - All Rights Reserved
A Restored Lexicon of our Sūdovian &
Yatving Indigenous Language
For Use By Sūdovians & Yatvings