Grammatical Appendix
Sūdovian / Yotvingian Declension
Sūdovian has three genders; Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter.
"man, husband" -Masc. gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | vīras | vīrai |
| Genitive | vīras' + | vīrun |
| Dative | vīru | vīramąs |
| Accusative | vīran | vīrans |
| Locative | vīrai * | vīraisu ** |
| Vocative | vīre! | vīrai! |
+ The Genitive written end
apostrophe indicates
accent stress of last syllable.
The archaic Genitive
thereby does not shorten like the Nominative does in rapid speech.
Most Baltic
language dictionaries
do not include accents.
* The Locative sometimes
uses a preposition , as in the phrase "en
stasmu vīrai".
Its' duplicate Dative form will be marked with an ( * )
below to save space.
Dative "vīru"
<
vīrō.
* * The Locative plural form rarely used.
Same declension for vundas (water) and
mēnas (month).
"woman, wife" -Fem. gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | gena | genos |
| Genitive | genos | genun |
| Dative | genai * | genomąs |
| Accusative | genan | genans |
| Vocative | gena! | genos! |
Same declension for lauksna (star), - plural lauksnos
(stars).
"lake" -Neuter gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | azeran | azerai |
| Genitive | azeras' + | azerun |
| Dative | azeru | azeramąs |
| Accusative | azeran | azerans |
| Locative | azerai |
+ The Genitive written end
apostrophe indicates
accent stress of last syllable.
Same declension for butan (house), and kelan (wheel)
"brother" -Masc. gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | brote | broteres |
| Genitive | brotres | brotun |
| Dative | brotrei * | brotremąs |
| Accusative | broten | brotens |
| Vocative | broter! | broters! |
Same declension for daive (husband's
brother).
"earth"-Fem. gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | zeme | zemes |
| Genitive | zemes | zemiun |
| Dative | zemei * | zememąs |
| Accusative | zemien | zemens |
| Vocative | zeme! | zemes! |
Same declension for kurpe (shoe
), and kame (sheep ).
"guest"-Masc. gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | gastis | gastes |
| Genitive | gastes | gastiun |
| Dative | gastei * | gastimąs |
| Accusative | gastin | gastins |
| Vocative | gasti! | gastes! |
Same declension for pentis (heel
).
"livestock" -Neuter gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | peku | pekus |
| Genitive | pekus | pekun |
| Dative | peku * | pekumąs |
| Accusative | peku | pekus |
| Vocative | peku | pekus |
Same declension for alu (mead)
and panu (fire).
"son" -Masc.gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | sūnus | sūnaus |
| Genitive | sūnaus | sūnun |
| Dative | sūnau * | sūnumąs |
| Accusative | sūnun | sūnuns |
| Vocative | sūnau! | sūnaus! |
Same declension for dangus (sky,
heaven)
"all" -Neuter gender adjective
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | visa | visai |
| Genitive | visasai * | visun |
| Dative | visasmu | visamąs |
| Accusative | visan | visans |
* Spoken
pronounciation " visesei "
"deep" -Masc. gender adjective
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | gilus | gilūs |
| Genitive | gilaus | gilun |
| Dative | gilusmu | gilumąs |
| Accusative | gilun | giluns |
"deep" -Fem. gender adjective
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | gilī | giles |
| Genitive | giles | giliun |
| Dative | gilei | gilimąs |
| Accusative | gilin | gilins |
Pronouns
"this, the"
|
Singular |
| Masc. | Neut. | Fem. | |
| Nominative | stas | sta(n) | sta |
| Genitive | stasai* | stasai* | stasos |
| Dative | stasmu | stasmu | stasai* |
| Accusative | stan | sta(n) | stan |
The Neuter singular has two variants ( w/ or w/o [-n] ).
* Spoken pronounciation "stesei"
"I", "we" - genderless
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | as | mes |
| Genitive | mene * | nūsun |
| Dative | menei (mi) | nūmąs |
| Accusative | men (mi) | mans |
* Also possesive Genitive " majasai ".
"thou, you" - genderless
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | tū | jūs |
| Genitive | tebe * | jūsun |
| Dative | tebei (ti) | jūmąs |
| Accusative | ten (ti) | vans |
* Also possesive Genitive " tvajasai ".
"he", "they" - Masc. gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | tanas | tanai |
| Genitive | tanasai * | tanaisun |
| Dative | tanasmu | tanamąs |
| Accusative | tanan | tanans |
* Spoken pronounciation " tanesei ", or "tansei "
"she", "they" -Fem. gender
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | tana | tanos |
| Genitive | tanasos | tanaisun |
| Dative | tanai | tanomąs |
| Accusative | tanan | tanans |
"our' " - Masc. possessive pronoun
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | nūsas | nūsai |
| Genitive | nūsasai * | nūsaisun |
| Dative | nūsasmu | nūsamąs |
| Accusative | nūsan | nūsans |
* Spoken pronounciation " nūsesei ", or "nūssei "
* The foreign rendering of spoken pronounciation is noted
with
" kayles ",
vs. "kailas ", where unaccented "a" is rendered as "e".
* The old Baltic Dual Pronouns are, like in Latvian, no longer productive,
although
" ve- ",
and " jū- ", were once used.
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Trakai Castle - birthplace of
Vytautas the Great